During the occupation of Czechoslovakia, P. Pitter and O. Fierzová tried to help the Jewish families, and with their colleagues, they were interested in helping children in the post-war period. Immediately after liberation, P. Pitter received a mandate from the Health and Social Commission of the Czech National Council and started the rescue operation The Castles (at Štiřín, Olešovice, Kamenice and Lojovice and Ladví - all castles around Prague), which he transformed into sanatoriums.
P. Pitter with his co-workers brought children from the concentration camps and Czech internment camps. P. Pitter criticized also post-war violence against the German population and bad treatment of Germans in internment camps, which he was visiting regularly as a member of the Social Committee of the Country National Committee.
Health and social care was provided for all children coming from the concentration camps and internment camps. More than 800 children, half of whom were Germans, went through operation The Castles. Until 1950, P. Pitter with his co-workers continually worked on searching the families of children placed in sanatoriums.
